The Terms of Trade are a set of regulations introduced following the Communications Act 2003 which set out the principles that each of the UK’s Public Service Broadcasters (PSBs) apply when agreeing terms for the commissioning of independent productions for their PSB content.
Below you will find tables comparing key elements of the agreed terms with BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and 5. The tables were last updated in March 2026.
The information is for reference only. For full details, please refer to the applicable Terms of Trade Agreements in full (links to which can be found further below on this page).
Licence Period
| BBC | ITV | Channel 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
5 years from full delivery + acceptance Subject to reduction if additional iPlayer packages are picked up by the BBC. Extension: 2 years at 2% Advance against further packages - see further uses below. Exercisable by BBC no later than 6 months before the end of the initial Licence Period, by written notice and payment of the Additional Licence Fee before the last day of the initial Licence Period. |
5 years from later of first use of last episode of the programme: (i) in a one-off series on any of the ITV services; or (ii) in the last commissioned series of any returning series (“Returning Series Licence Period”) subject to a long stop date of 12 months from the date of ITV’s acceptance of all required deliverables for the programme if first use has not taken place during that period. With respect to each individual series of the programme: - the 5-year period commencing from first use of the last episode is referred to as the “First Use Period”; - the 2-year period from expiry of the First Use Extension: 2 years at 2.5% for one-off programmes and last of a returning series (exercisable by ITV at any time up to 6 months prior to the expiry of the Initial Licence Period, by payment of the Extension Fee). Scripted Programme Use Exclusivity ITV has exclusivity in programme in territory in all media for a period of: - 18 months for non-scripted one-off programmes (“Reduced Exclusivity Programmes”); - 30-months for other programming, commencing on first use of the programme (“Full Exclusivity Programmes”), (the “Initial Exclusivity Period”). The Initial Exclusivity Period may be extended by ITV within 6 months prior to its expiry on the following basis: - Reduced Exclusivity Programmes: 42 months at 3.5% of the licence fee; - Full Exclusivity Programmes: 30 months at 2.5% of the licence fee. |
3 years from first use of last episode If recommissioned, all series Exclusivity: 12months from first use of last episode. If recommissioned, the later of 12months from first use of last episode and 30 days from first use of last episode of the subsequent series. Exclusivity Extension: 2 years at 2%
Exercisable by C4 via notification up to 6 months prior to the expiry of the current exclusive period. Licence Period extended by exclusivity extensions as necessary. |
3 years from earlier of first linear/streaming exhibition or Delivery (Package P0) Extension (Package E0): 2 years at 2.4% (Basic) or 2.7% (Enhanced, first ELP only). Max. 5 years total for one-offs/decommissioned |
Primary Package
| BBC | ITV | Channel 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Two of the following: BBC1 – 1 TX BBC2 – 2 TX BBC3 – 24 months iPlayer, 18 months unlimited TXs on BBC3, 18 TXs for remainder of LP. BBC4 – 15 TX days BBC2W/BBC2NI - Unlimited BBC1/2 on Daytime (Daytime commission) – 3 TX BBC1/2 on Daytime (peaktime commission) – 4 TX BBC1/2 (children’s commission) – 3 TX CBBC/CBeebies – 20 TX days (ToT Clause 15) |
Rights licensed to ITV for unlimited use on any ITV service in the territory during the term. |
N/A. However, Channel 4 to pay for any clearances above and beyond 2 TX and ‘standard’ catch-up. |
20 Playweeks (10 may be peak-time) on Main Channel, 5 Secondary Services and 5 Group Services, plus unlimited AVOD/BVOD/FVOD/FAST (Package P0). Linear Utility Boost (P1) - additional 10 Playweeks (5 peak) at 1.0% during PLP. Group Sublicence Free/Basic Streaming (P2) - e.g. Pluto TV at 1.0% during PLP. Group Sublicence Subscription Streaming (P3) - e.g. Paramount+ at 3.0% during PLP. |
Further Uses
| BBC | ITV | Channel 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2% per package or, 1% for 9 TXs on BBC3 (a further BBC2 package would only be one TX) Further iPlayer packages: 12m exclusive – 2% (LP reduced by 12m) 12m non-exclusive – 1% (LP reduced by 4m) (LP reductions are 6m for BBC3 productions) |
Further Use Period ITV shall pay producer 1% of the licence fee following commencement of the Further Use Period. Until expiry of the Licence Period, ITV may on a rolling basis extend the Further Use Period by further two-year periods on payment of 1% of the licence fee. |
N/A. |
Extension Period (E0): 16 Playweeks (8 peak) @ 2.4% Basic or 2.7% Enhanced (first ELP only, includes 2yr Free Exclusivity). E1 Linear Utility Boost (Extended LP) - 8 Playweeks (4 peak) @ 1.0%. E2 Group Sublicence Free/Basic (Extended LP) - @ 1.0% (requires P2 + E0). E3 Group Sublicence Subscription (Extended LP) - @ 2.0% (requires P3 + E0). |
Recommissioning Notice
| BBC | ITV | Channel 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Earlier of (a) 9 months from first TX of last ep, (b) 9 months first exploitation of last ep on BBC3, or (c) 12 months from delivery + acceptance. Negotiation period |
Earlier of (a) 12 months from TX last ep, or (b) 13 months from acceptance of last ep. |
Six months from first use of last episode. Exclusive negotiation period for the duration of the later of; i) 12 months from first use of last episode; and ii) 3 months from receipt of full budget from producers. If no agreement, producer can exploit the format inc. further programmes from 24 months from first use of last episode. If Channel 4 does not recommission, producer can exploit the format including further programmes from 12 months from first use of last episode |
Returning Series |
Holdbacks
| BBC | ITV | Channel 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
UK Holdback Singles (BBC 1 + BBC 2) UK Holdback for All Series/BBC4/BBC3 BBC3 - 0.5% due if producer requests release at 18m and BBC wants to retain exclusivity to 24m CBBC and CBeebies |
Programme Format
Exclusivity
The 'Initial Exclusivity Period'
|
UK Ex-UK/Eire |
One-Offs UK ROI and ROW Clips |
VOD
| BBC | ITV | Channel 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Initial Sales are subject to the above holdbacks and secondary VOD licences granted to third parties are expected to be for periods of 6-12 months (Release Policy clause 3.6). Split |
N/a.
|
UK/Eire Ex-UK/Eire Split Producer retains all revenues from exploitation outside the UK/Eire. Producer shares revenue 50/50 with Channel 4 in the UK/Eire during the Licence Period, except for single programme and single series for which the share shall be 65/35 in producer’s favour. |
VOD Licence Period UK Holdbacks ROI & ROW Holdbacks VOD Revenue Split (During PLP) FAST |
DTO
| BBC | ITV | Channel 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Exclusive to producer. Exploitable 1 day from first BBC TX (or BBC3 exploitation) in the UK Exploitable the earlier of 1 day from first BBC TX (or BBC3 exploitation), or 6 months from delivery + acceptance, outside the UK. Split 90/10 in producer’s favour throughout the term ex-UK. |
Producer can exploit DTO following the 30-day period after first ITV linear transmission (excluding FAST channels) of an episode. Split
|
Box Set Single episodes - 6 months after first TX. Single programmes - 30 days after first TX. Split |
Exclusive to producer. SVOD/TVOD/EST/DTO excluded from all Packages during the Licence Period. Producer may exploit from Day 1 following first TX (per clause 3.2 holdback). Split |
Cash Flow
| BBC | ITV | Channel 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Negotiable, however note that the BBC publishes a tariff range of indicative prices for the supply of commissioned television programmes. Payable either on delivery and acceptance or at the following stages (unless the nature of the programme or production schedule makes these stages as inappropriate): (a) receipt of signed agreement; % of funding payable at each stage |
100% on delivery, subject to ITV retaining a 5% share until its receipt of all delivery materials.
|
Payment Schedule (a) 20% on later of signature and start of pre-production; (b) 40% first day principal photography; (c) 30% last day principal photography; (d) 5% on Technical Acceptance; (e) provided (d) has been satisfied, 5% on delivery. (With the agreement of Channel 4, the payment schedule may be amended to take into account differing cashflow requirements). |
Payment Schedule (a) 25% on signature of this Agreement; (b) 30% on commencement of filming; (c) 25% on commencement of post-production; (d) 15% on acceptance of delivery of all technical material; (e) 5% on Delivery. For fees above £1m or where 5 pays cost of money, schedule to be agreed but 5 holdback capped at 15% (tech delivery) + 5% (paperwork delivery). Invoices via SWIM portal. |
Revenue Share
| BBC | ITV | Channel 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
DTO/VOD 85/15 in the producer’s favour in the UK after the Licence Period, or 85/15 in the producer’s favour outside the UK. General 90/10 in producer’s favour throughout the term ex-UK. BBC Funded Non-TX Pilot |
DTO/VOD/Secondary Broadcast Rights General Unique percentages for new indies. See full terms for details. |
DTO Channel 4 retains all revenues from Channel 4’s usage in the UK/Eire. Producer retains all revenues from exploitation outside the UK/Eire. Producer shares revenue 50/50 with Channel 4 in the Territory during the licence periods, except for single programme and single series for which the share shall be 65/35 in the producer’s favour. |
DTO/VOD UK TV Rights/Approved VOD (PLP, Producer Exploits) UK Clips (PLP): 50/50. Outside PLP: no 5 participation in any territory. |
Terms of TradeDocuments
Contact
Us
For any questions about the Terms of Trade, please contact a member of our Legal & Business Affairs team.